Comparative Analysis of Surgical and Minimally Invasive Treatment Modalities for Varicose Veins: A Narrative Review

AbstractBackgroundVaricose veins represent a prevalent manifestation of chronic venous diseaseaffecting quality of life, functional ability, and patient comfort globally. Traditionalsurgical management through vein ligation and stripping has been substantially displacedby minimally invasive, image-guided interventions, reshaping clinical practice andimproving patient-centred outcomes.Objective This narrative review presents a comparative evaluation of surgical and non-surgical treatment modalities for varicose veins, with emphasis on technological innovations, clinical effectiveness, recurrence rates, complication profiles, and economicconsiderations.