A Concept Analysis of Breastfeeding Support

Despite high breastfeeding initiation rates, few families are able to meet the breastfeeding recommendations set by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Mothers require breastfeeding support immediately following birth and at points of contact in the postpartum months. Just as breastfeeding is multifactorial with numerous potential barriers, the concept of breastfeeding support is dynamic. The purpose of this concept analysis is to clarify what constitutes breastfeeding support. Using the Walker and Avant approach, this concept analysis reveals the uses, antecedents, attributes, model cases, borderline cases, contrary cases, consequences, and empirical referents of breastfeeding support. Breastfeeding support consists of an intervention, positive perception by the mother, and timeliness and effectiveness of implementation. For interventions to be received positively, they must be communicated sensitively, consistent with a mother's emotional needs. Effectiveness relies upon health care professionals seeking education to ensure sufficient expertise in lactation. Nurses, nurse practitioners, physicians, lactation support specialists, and any health care professionals who interact with breastfeeding women can make use of this concept analysis to guide attitudes and actions in breastfeeding support.