Black raspberry ameliorates lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation in an ovariectomized rat model

Background Estrogen plays a vital role in maintaining metabolic balance, and its decline due to menopause or ovariectomy (OVX) is closely linked to obesity, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. Black raspberry ( Rubus occidentalis , BR), a rich source of anthocyanins and phenolic acids, has demonstrated potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that may help counteract these adverse effects. However, its precise metabolic effects under estrogen-deficient conditions remain unclear. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of BR supplementation on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses in an OVX rat model, with a focus on key signaling pathways in the liver, aorta, and adipose tissues. Methods OVX rats were fed diets supplemented with BR. Metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured in serum and relevant tissues. Key indicators of lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and signaling pathway activity were assessed to determine the systemic impact of BR bioactives. Results BR supplementation improved lipid profiles, reduced oxidative stress markers, and suppressed pro-inflammatory mediators in the liver, aorta, and adipose tissues of OVX rats. Additionally, BR modulated signaling pathways associated with metabolic regulation and inflammation. Conclusions BR intake may mitigate estrogen deficiency-related metabolic disturbances by improving lipid metabolism, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating inflammatory responses, supporting its potential as a dietary strategy to promote metabolic health in postmenopausal conditions.