EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: <b>Ultrastructural and Hormonal Changes in the Pineal–Testicular Axis Following Arecoline Administration in Rats</b>

I. Saha, U. Chatterji, S. Chaudhuri-Sengupta, et al. 2007. "Ultrastructural and Hormonal Changes in the Pineal-Testicular Axis Following Arecoline Administration in Rats." Journal of Experimental Zoology - A 307A, no. 4: 187-198, https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.354. This Expression of Concern is for the above article, published online on 08 March 2007 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), and has been issued by agreement between journal Editor-in-Chief, Randy Nelson and Wiley Periodicals LLC. A third party raised the following concerns: that the image in Figure 3D had been duplicated in another article [Saha et al. 2011 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2011.06.010)] and that portions of the image in Figure 2H and portions of the images in Figures 3A and 3B had been duplicated and manipulated in other articles [Saha et al. 2017 (https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2017.1352605), Saha et al. 2018 (https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2018.1486428), and Cydalima laticostalis 2025 (https://pubpeer.com/publications/1954237BA2AFC72EE913C316CC3BCC)]. All articles included many of the same authors and each described different experimental conditions. An investigation by the publisher confirmed these concerns and also found that the images in Figures 3A, 3C, and 3E had been duplicated in another article by many of the same authors [Saha et al. 2015 (https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/136738)]. The authors did not respond to an inquiry and request for original data by the publisher. The editors and publisher have determined that, while this article represents the earliest known publication of the data in these figures, the re-use and manipulation of data, as well as the representation of data as different samples in future publications, casts doubt on the accuracy of the data reported in this article. The Expression of Concern has been agreed to in order to inform and alert readers about the results of the investigation. The authors were informed about the Expression of Concern.