Examining The Manifestations of Political Apathy in The Nigerian 2023 General Election

This study examines the manifestations of political apathy in Nigeria’s 2023 general elections, with specific focus on declining voter turnout and youth participation. Despite increased voter registration and the introduction of electoral reforms and technological innovations aimed at improving transparency, the 2023 elections recorded the lowest turnout since Nigeria’s return to democratic rule in 1999. This trend raises concerns about democratic legitimacy and the sustainability of electoral participation. The study investigates the factors responsible for declining voter turnout and analyzes how youth participation influenced overall electoral engagement. Anchored on Rational Choice Theory and Political Efficacy Theory, the research adopts a descriptive survey design, utilizing primary data collected through structured questionnaires alongside secondary data from official electoral reports and scholarly sources. Findings reveal that lack of trust in the electoral management body, electoral violence, economic hardship, and perceived electoral fraud significantly contributed to voter disengagement. The results further show a substantial gap between youth registration and actual turnout, indicating weakened political efficacy and institutional confidence among younger voters. The study concludes that political apathy in Nigeria reflects structural and institutional challenges rather than mere voter indifference. It recommends strengthening electoral credibility, improving security during elections, enhancing civic education, and addressing socio-economic constraints to restore public trust and deepen democratic participation.