Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella from Indian Poultry: Trends, Challenges, and One Health Perspectives

Salmonella continues to be a significant zoonotic pathogen, with poultry products serving as a major vehicle for its transmission to humans. The intensification of poultry farming in India, along with the widespread and often unregulated use of antibiotics, has led to the rise and spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) strains of Salmonella. This review systematically compiles and analyses published data on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella in Indian poultry from 2000-2025, utilizing a bibliometric approach to place Indian research in the global context. Data from 1,780 original studies, including 35 conducted in India, revealed a striking regional variation in Salmonella positivity, ranging from as low as 0.5% to over 80%, and highlight a worrying trend of multidrug-resistance, particularly to commonly used antibiotics such as tetracycline, ampicillin, and third-generation cephalosporin. Bibliometric mapping further demonstrates that India, despite being a leading poultry producer, lags behind many countries in research output on this topic. The review also critically assesses the potential of antibiotic alternatives, including phytogenic feed additives and probiotics, as sustainable strategies for AMR mitigation in Indian poultry production. The article discusses about ongoing problems like the misuse of antibiotics, farmers not knowing enough, and holes in surveillance systems. It also gives practical suggestions for better regulation, integrated One Health approaches, and the use of proven non-antibiotic treatments. Strengthening research and surveillance, alongside capacity building and policy reform, will be essential to ensure food safety, protect public health, and sustain the growth of India’s poultry industry.