A qualitative study on coping mechanisms utilized by women dealing with subfertility

ABSTRACT Background: Subfertility is a significant reproductive health issue that carries profound implications, particularly for women in conservative societies. In South Kashmir, India, where motherhood is deeply tied to female identity, women with subfertility often face stigma, isolation, and emotional distress. Women deal with subfertility, using their enduring natural defenses and learned coping skills. Aim: To explore the coping mechanisms employed by women dealing with subfertility in South Kashmir. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Anantnag. A qualitative, phenomenological approach was adopted. The participants were recruited through a purposive sampling technique. The participants were 18 women diagnosed with subfertility. Their coping skills were explored using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis with NVivo software to identify recurring patterns in coping strategies. Results: Two themes, adaptive and maladaptive coping, were identified, each comprising five subthemes: emotional, behavioral, religious/spiritual, socio-cultural, and healthcare coping. Adaptive strategies included resilience, faith, support-seeking, and treatment adherence. In contrast, maladaptive responses featured emotional suppression, fatalistic beliefs, social withdrawal, and mistrust in healthcare systems. Many coping mechanisms were found to be interrelated and shaped by local socio-cultural and religious contexts. Conclusion: Women in South Kashmir employ a spectrum of coping strategies to navigate the subfertility challenges. While some display resilience, others suffer in silence due to stigma and insufficient support. A culturally sensitive, multidisciplinary approach integrating mental health and community awareness services is essential to support these women more effectively.