Vitamin D deficiency in patients with cerebral palsy: A common entity

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive neurological disorder with varied motor, sensory, and musculoskeletal impairments. Patients with CP are at high risk for low bone mineral density due to poor nutrition, reduced mobility, and antiepileptic drug (AED) use, contributing to vitamin D deficiency. This study aims to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and identify associated risk factors to improve bone health and overall outcomes in patients with CP. Material and Methods: This prospective analytical study included 150 patients with CP aged 1-12 years, conducted at B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, from October 2022 - September 2024. Detailed clinical assessments, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) scoring, laboratory tests (including serum vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase), and relevant imaging were performed. Vitamin D levels were categorized as deficient, insufficient, or sufficient. Data were analyzed using Excel and statistical tests like Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Results: This study included 150 patients with CP, predominantly male (62%). The most common age group was 3-5 years, with spastic quadriplegia as the most frequent CP type (51.8%). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 52% of patients, significantly higher in non-ambulatory patients. Common co-morbidities included microcephaly, epilepsy, and global developmental delay. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with CP, particularly non-ambulatory types, highlighting the need for early supplementation, screening, nutritional support, and comprehensive management.