The impact of lipid metabolism remodeling in the tumor microenvironment on angiogenesis

Tumour cells enhance their survival and proliferation through autocrine and paracrine signalling, thereby facilitating tumour progression. Sustained growth requires the formation of new blood vessels, making angiogenesis a major therapeutic target. Concurrently, tumour development involves metabolic reprogramming to support uncontrolled proliferation. While the role of tumour metabolism in immune regulation has been widely studied, its contribution to angiogenesis remains less understood. To summarize current knowledge on how tumour-driven lipid metabolic reprogramming influences angiogenesis within the tumour microenvironment (TME) and to identify potential therapeutic opportunities. We reviewed recent studies focusing on the intersection between tumour lipid metabolism and angiogenesis, integrating findings from experimental and translational research. Emerging evidence indicates that lipid metabolic alterations in tumour cells modulate endothelial function, vascular remodelling, and pro-angiogenic signalling pathways. These changes reshape the angiogenic landscape of the TME, contributing to tumour progression and therapy resistance. Understanding the interplay between lipid metabolism and angiogenesis may uncover novel therapeutic vulnerabilities. Targeting metabolic reprogramming in the TME could provide new avenues for anti-angiogenic strategies and improve patient outcomes.