Obturation quality analysis of furcation perforations repaired with different magnifications and biomaterials

This study aimed to evaluate the obturation quality of furcation perforations repaired using two different calcium silicate-based materials under two different magnification levels, using micro-computed tomography analysis. Forty-eight standardized dentin disks with artificially created perforations were randomly assigned into four groups: White MTA (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) under 4×, Bio-C Repair (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) under 4×, White MTA under 10×, and Bio-C Repair under 10× magnification (n = 12). The perforated dentin disks were bonded to a resin crown using composite resin and subsequently mounted onto a phantom head model. The repairs were performed using a dental operating microscope (DOM), and a single experienced endodontist completed all procedures. After setting, the samples underwent micro-CT scanning. The volumes of materials, gaps, and voids were measured and differences between groups were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test, t-test and Mann Whitney U test. All samples exhibited some degree of voids and gaps. Magnification level (4× vs. 10×) did not significantly affect obturation quality (p > 0.05). However, the type of repair material had a significant impact on the outcome. White MTA exhibited significantly fewer voids, gaps, and total unfilled volume compared to Bio-C Repair (p < 0.05). Increasing the magnification level from 4× to 10× did not improve the sealing quality in furcation perforation repair. However, White MTA demonstrated superior adaptation and condensation characteristics to Bio-C Repair, regardless of magnification. While handling the properties of powder-liquid MTA may pose clinical challenges, it remains a more effective option for achieving superior sealing in furcation perforation repairs than premixed putty formulations.