Marine medaka PKCα promotes red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus entry by orchestrating MYL3-mediated macropinocytosis and cofilin-dependent actin remodeling

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) causes devastating losses in global aquaculture. Here, we identify a novel MmMYL3-MmPKCα-cofilin signaling axis that NNV exploits to enter host cells via macropinocytosis. This finding advances our understanding of fish virus invasion mechanisms, uncovering how NNV hijacks host signaling for entry. Beyond basic virology insights, our work highlights protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) as a promising therapeutic target, laying the groundwork for developing targeted antivirals to control NNV.