Sustainable small-scale fisheries development: Integrating bioeconomic and DPSIR models for policy insights

Worldwide, small-scale fisheries face significant challenges due to overfishing, which is more severe in developing countries. This study introduces a novel methodology combining bioeconomic and Driver-Pressure-State-Impact and Response models to assess overfishing using Sri Lanka as a case study. It also provides policy recommendations for sustainable fisheries development. The analysis of 32 years of fish catch and effort data reveals a 130% increase in fishing effort between 1990 and 2021. Factors such as rising fish demand, post-tsunami and post-conflict livelihood recovery aids, and poaching have contributed to this increase, leading to overfishing for more than a decade. The resulting consequences include declining fish catches, incomes, and traditional fishing practices, alongside growing conflicts among fishermen. To address these challenges, the study emphasises the need for fishing effort reductions through targeted strategies. Aligned with Sri Lanka’s policy priorities of employment preservation and sustainable resource management, this study recommends a modest 5% reduction in fishing efforts, incrementally progressing to 25%. These options may include vessel buyback programs and the introduction of fishing-free days, supported by financial incentives. Additional policy recommendations include promoting inland fisheries, combating poaching, and preserving traditional fisheries. Together, these measures aim to balance sustainable resource management with the socioeconomic well-being of fishing communities, offering a comprehensive pathway toward sustainable fisheries development. • Employed a novel methodology by integrating bioeconomic and DPSIR models for sustainable fisheries. • Fishing efforts were standardised across four different boat types. • Policies to reduce overfishing were derived from assessing the fisheries in four sustainability dimensions. • Contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goals #1, No Poverty and #14, Life Below Water.