Dataset of chloroplast DNA sequences, ndhC–trnV, rpoA, trnK–matK, and trnK–rps16 regions of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC. from Vietnam

<i>Platycodon grandiflorus</i> (Jacq.) A.DC., a member of the Campanulaceae family, is a well-known medicinal herb traditionally used to relieve coughs, promote expectoration, reduce inflammation, and protect the respiratory system. In recent years, numerous commercial products containing <i>Platycodon</i> extracts have been introduced to the market. However, during processing and distribution, the morphological and anatomical features of the raw material are often lost or altered, increasing the risk of misidentification or adulteration with morphologically similar species, thereby compromising product quality and therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the application of DNA barcode markers is essential for accurate species identification and quality control of raw materials. This study presents a dataset of <i>P. grandiflorus</i> samples collected from natural populations and analyzes four chloroplast DNA regions (<i>ndhC-trnV, rpoA, trnK-matK</i>, and <i>trnK-rps16</i>) to support species identification. Phylogenetic analysis based on these sequences revealed that <i>P. grandiflorus</i> is closely related to, and clusters within, the Campanulaceae family, with high bootstrap support values (96-100%). These four chloroplast regions are proposed as potential DNA barcodes for the reliable identification and differentiation of <i>P. grandiflorus</i> from related species.