Field evaluation of a topical combination of ivermectin, imidacloprid, and praziquantel for flea control in cats under routine clinical

The findings indicate that the evaluated topical combination provides consistent and clinically meaningful flea control in domestic cats under routine field conditions, supporting its use as part of integrated parasite management strategies in companion animals. However, the absence of a negative control or active comparator group represents a limitation of the study; therefore, treatment effectiveness was assessed using within-subject comparisons rather than established regulatory efficacy benchmarks.