Investigation of Malachite Green Removal by Fenton-like Oxidation Using Cobalt-Based Co-BTCA Catalysts

Malachite Green (MG) is a synthetic dye widely used in various industries, especially in textile and paper manufacturing. Once released into aquatic environments, it exhibits toxic effects, poses a threat to aquatic ecosystems, and causes persistent pollution due to its resistance to biodegradation. Therefore, the effective and sustainable removal of MG from water sources is of great importance for environmental protection. In this study, a metal–organic framework (MOF) structure named Co-BTCA was synthesized using a linker, 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). The synthesized Co-BTCA catalyst was applied for the removal of MG from wastewater via a Fenton-like oxidation process. The MOF structure was thoroughly characterized using various techniques. An MG removal efficiency of 91% was achieved at 26 °C within 30 min. An MG removal efficiency of 99.4% was achieved at 38 °C within 20 min. Kinetic analyses conducted at two different temperatures indicated that the reaction follows a first-order kinetic model. These results demonstrate that the Co-BTCA catalyst is an environmentally friendly and highly efficient candidate for Fenton-like systems.