Body mass index and prostate cancer incidence: a comprehensive systematic review

The review explores potential biological mechanisms linking BMI to prostate cancer, including metabolic dysregulation, hormonal changes, and genetic factors. Additionally, it examines how factors such as age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status may modify this relationship. The review highlights that although a higher BMI is generally associated with increased prostate cancer risk and poorer outcomes, the evidence is inconsistent. Key limitations include high variability in study designs and outcome measures, short follow-up periods as well as studies predominantly from Western populations. These inconsistencies underscore the need for further research to clarify the relationship and improve targeted interventions to mitigate prostate cancer's impact.