Digital Literacy and Heart Failure Self-Care in Older Patients and Their Caregivers: Dyadic Analysis Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model

Digital literacy significantly influenced individuals' own HF self-care behaviors, particularly symptom perception, but cross-partner effects were not observed within dyads. These findings suggest that digital health interventions should assess and address patients' and caregivers' digital skills as distinct targets rather than assuming spillover effects within dyads. To optimize HF outcomes in aging populations, culturally sensitive and dyad-focused strategies that consider individual digital literacy are essential.