“It has tentacles into every single aspect of me” a qualitative evidence synthesis of the lived experiences and perceptions of ADHD youth

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting up to 5.9% of youth. Characterised by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, it affects various aspects of functioning and is often accompanied with co-occurring diagnoses. While ADHD poses significant challenges, including academic and occupational impairments, it can also confer strengths like creativity and hyperfocus. Successfully navigating the transition to adulthood is crucial for improving long-term health and vocational outcomes for ADHD youth. The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise existing qualitative literature on the experiences of ADHD youth across life domains. A qualitative evidence synthesis, utilising meta-ethnographic methods, with purposive sampling was conducted. Thirty studies, across 11 countries, reporting the experiences of 805 ADHD youth were analysed. Themes generated were: (1) Navigating identity and authenticity (2) Diagnosis disclosure dilemma, (3) New ADHD manager reporting for duty, (4) The power of others, (5) Diverse healthcare journeys, (6) Impact on engagement in everyday activities, (7) Turning insight to action. Findings illustrate the wide-ranging impacts of ADHD across life domains, particularly education, employment and leisure. Transitioning to adulthood, youth assume responsibility for managing their ADHD, with differing levels of readiness. While social connections offer vital support, many struggle to form or maintain these relationships. The health service journeys of youth vary, in accessibility, continuity of care and patient-clinician relationship. Effective support requires strengths-based, collaborative, and continuity-focused approaches to education, employment, and healthcare transitions.