Premenstrual Syndrome: Exploring the Role of Current Understanding of Lifestyle Factors and Future Research Prospects

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a prevalent condition affecting women during their reproductive years, usually between 18 and 45 years of age. It encompasses a range of somatic and affective symptoms that arise during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and are influenced by hormonal fluctuations, neurotransmitter changes, and lifestyle factors. Although 75% of menstruating women experience PMS, approximately 10% experience severe symptoms that interfere with their daily lives, social functioning, and sexual health. Lifestyle Factors: Lifestyle interventions in alleviating PMS symptoms, advocating for dietary modifications, adequate hydration, regular exercise, effective stress management, and maintaining healthy sleep patterns are key strategies for improving the quality of life of women affected by PMS. Exercises such as yoga, strength training, and aerobics control hormone levels, increase endorphin production, and lower cortisol levels, all of which improve mood and reduce discomfort. While reducing sugar and caffeine intake lessens weariness and irritability, nutritional components, such as magnesium, calcium, and vitamin B6, assist in managing emotional instability. Regular sleep patterns also promote emotional well-being and hormonal equilibrium, highlighting the significance of a regular daily schedule in managing PMS. Future Aspects: Advances in PMS research have revealed that hormone profiling, gut health research, and precision medication can provide individualized remedies. Stress, sleep, and menstrual cycles can be tracked using wearable technology and AI-based apps, enabling real-time symptom management and encouraging adherence to healthy routines. Women’s quality of life can be further improved through workplace accommodation and peer support networks. To enhance the long-term results of women with PMS, individualized, sustainable therapies must be developed through integrated approach research initiatives.