The Effect of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Gastrointestinal System: A Comprehensive Review

The GI system is integrally connected to TBI recovery through immune modulation and nutrient absorption. Dysfunction within the brain-gut axis, specifically altered motility, permeability, and inflammation, contributes to secondary brain injury and impedes neurological outcomes. Clinical assessment of GI dysfunction should be integrated into routine TBI care. Therapeutic strategies, including early enteral nutrition, are essential to optimize recovery and reduce systemic inflammation.