Challenges to success among research trainees in Canada: insights from a national spinal cord injury conference

Background The active involvement of trainees in research is critical for scientific innovation. However, significant barriers hinder trainees’ academic and professional success, limiting career advancement and impairing research translation. Few studies have applied a holistic model to analyze these challenges in Canada. This study aimed to identify multilevel challenges faced by Canadian research trainees to inform future interventions. Methods A multi-staged participatory workshop, including a literature review and group discussions with trainees, was held at a Canadian spinal cord injury conference. The Socio-Ecological Model (SEM) was used, and data were analyzed using deductive followed by inductive content analysis. Results Twenty-seven trainees participated, including undergraduate students ( n = 5), MSc students ( n = 5), PhD students ( n = 10), post-doctoral fellows ( n = 6) and a research associate ( n = 1). Analysis of review findings at the pre-workshop stage identified four core themes: Financial, Logistical, Cultural, and Mental Health Challenges. Key findings post-workshop included severe financial pressures due to inadequate stipends and high living costs, unclear career pathways, cultural demands for productivity at the expense of wellbeing, and pervasive mental health struggles linked to stress and isolation. Financial and Logistical Challenges primarily affected trainees at the individual level, while Cultural and Mental Health Challenges were largely prevalent at the interpersonal level of the SEM. Conclusion Canadian research trainees face complex, interrelated challenges requiring systemic solutions. Increased financial support, improved mentorship, and institutional reforms could enhance wellbeing, career prospects, and retention of top talent, while supporting the development of research trainees.