Resilience Enhancement of an Urban Rail Transit Network by Jointly Optimizing Restoration Sequences and Bus Bridging Services

Enhancing the urban rail transit network (URT) resilience under disruptions is crucial for improving its ability to respond to such events. However, prior studies have rarely enhanced the URT network resilience by jointly optimizing the restoration sequences of failed components and bus bridging services (BBSs). To address this gap, a URT network resilience enhancement strategy combining a restoration sequence and extended BBS optimization (ESCRB strategy) is developed herein to improve the URT network resilience under disruptions. The real-world Chengdu subway network is utilized as an example to validate the effectiveness of the proposed ESCRB strategy. Results imply that the travel weight between stations is critical in assessing the network resilience. The proposed ESCRB strategy can effectively enhance the URT network resilience by simultaneously optimizing restoration sequences and extended BBSs. After employing the ESCRB strategy, the network resilience metrics under random and deliberate disruptions are decreased by 83.96% and 81.80%, respectively. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to discuss the impact of parameters on the effectiveness of the formulated ESCRB strategy, and some practical implications are provided to improve the URT network resilience.