A pragmatic nomogram using routinely collected clinical variables to screen prevalent HFpEF: development and temporal validation

This cross-sectional screening prediction nomogram estimates individualized risk of prevalent HFpEF using readily non-imaging variables and may support screening or triage and efficient allocation of echocardiography resources across hospital and community workflows. The tool is intended to prioritize referral for echocardiographic confirmation rather than replace guideline-based diagnosis. Prospective multicenter studies are warranted to evaluate transportability, clinical utility, and implementation impact.