Global daily CO2 emissions from 1970 to 2024
As extreme temperature events become increasingly frequent, there is a growing need for daily CO<sub>2</sub> emissions data to quantify their impacts. However, such data are available only from 2019 onward. To address this gap, we compiled over two million near-real-time observations of electricity generation, traffic activity, natural gas consumption or heating degree days (HDD), and industrial output since 2019, and used these high-frequency data to construct a daily CO<sub>2</sub> emissions dataset for 2019-2024. We then applied machine-learning models and degree-day methods to disaggregate non-residential and residential monthly CO<sub>2</sub> emissions for 1970-2018 to a daily basis. The historical dataset was then merged with the 2019-2024 dataset to produce a global daily CO<sub>2</sub> emissions dataset spanning 1970 to 2024 for 14 countries and regions, covering four sectors: power, industry, residential, and transport (including ground transport and aviation). The resulting long-term dataset will enable robust analyses of extreme-temperature impacts on emissions and enhance the accuracy of chemical transport model inversions of carbon fluxes.
Authors
- Taochun Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3640-6005)
- Piyu Ke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-6313)
- Glen P. Peters (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7889-8568)
- Duo Cui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5158-6086)
- Li Tao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-983X)
- Chenxi Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-2199)
- Hao Ye (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0862-1843)
- Zihan Qiu
- Lixing Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6500-2369)
- Zhu Deng
- Glen P. Peters
- Xiaoting Huang
- Philippe Ciais
- Matthew W. Jones
- Robert B. Jackson
- Zhu Liu
- Yufei Zhao
- Steven J. Davis
- Pierre Friedlingstein
Institutions
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (FR)
- University of Exeter (GB)
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
- Université Paris-Saclay (FR)
- Norwich Research Park (GB)
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (DE)
- Education University of Hong Kong (HK)
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research (NO)
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (FR)
- CEA Paris-Saclay (FR)
- Tyndall Centre (GB)
- China Agricultural University (CN)
- Zhejiang University (CN)
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Stanford University (US)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Scientific Data
- Published
- 2026-02-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06621-9
- Primary Topic
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00