Modulation of attractive salt taste in Drosophila

Modulating the palatability of salt is one way that animals regulate salt intake to promote fluid and ionic balance. In <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, low sodium attraction is primarily driven by "sweet" taste neurons that express the sodium-specific receptor IR56b. Here, we show that this appetitive sodium taste pathway is essential for tuning sodium attraction in response to prior salt consumption. Using <i>in vivo</i> calcium imaging, we find that a salt-enriched diet strongly suppresses the activity of IR56b neurons to salt but not to sucrose stimulation, demonstrating the existence of a sodium-specific modulatory mechanism in these cells. This effect is mediated by interoceptive mechanisms rather than sensory adaptation and does not depend on IR56b transcriptional regulation or differences in translational readthrough of a premature termination codon in the <i>IR56b</i> gene. This research provides a cellular basis for appetitive salt taste modulation and insight into mechanisms of salt homeostasis in the fly.