Motherhood as an occupation in the perinatal period: A scoping review of practices, theoretical frameworks, and concepts used in occupational therapy

Introduction: Occupational therapy has traditionally focused on child development but motherhood as an occupation is rarely analyzed. This study aimed to identify practices, theoretical perspectives, and concepts described or used in occupational therapy research concerning the early periods of motherhood and explore the literature to contribute to the advancement of practice. Method: A scoping review was conducted to map and synthesize multiple perspectives, provide current insights into motherhood as an occupation, and inform occupational therapists’ practice. Search across five databases and manual research in periodicals in the area were conducted up to mid-2024. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Findings: Eleven articles were included. The analysis revealed three themes: occupational therapy practitioner goals; occupational therapy practices; and theories and concepts supporting the relationship between motherhood, occupation and occupational therapy. The study underscores the limited number of studies available and highlights the need for clearer conceptual definitions and more explicit links between intervention strategies and underlying theoretical frameworks. Conclusion: There is a compelling need for more research to enhance our understanding of the significance of motherhood as an occupation. This understanding will serve as a foundation for refining the role of occupational therapy in supporting motherhood.