Tackling crucial scientific and technical research tasks guaranteed by national system: Establishment and breakthrough of China’s atomic energy industry（1955–1967）

From the resolution of focus atomic energy industry to the successful explosion of the first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, China had made efficient and outstanding achievements in this cutting-edge technology. This study focuses on the formation and adjustment of the scientific research and production team in the early years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the process of forming an independent research and development system, tries to comb out the historical line of institutionalization of atomic energy industry, explores the important influence of the country’s leadership and the highest scientific research institutions to the discipline planning and of the national defense missions to the development of atomic energy industry, analyzes the key characteristics, such as national system in the cause of science and technology in China, and interdisciplinary and industrial systematic problem-solving represented by the atomic energy industry.