Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in response to phosphorus sources and doses applied to soil

Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a crop of significant economic and nutritional value for local producers. This study aimed to assess the effect of 3 phosphate fertilizer sources, applied at different phosphorus levels, on growth and yield of black bean. The experiment was conducted from May to August 2023 in the district of Loreto, Paraguay. The experimental design used was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) arranged in a factorial design (3 × 4). Factor A consisted of phosphorus sources: triple superphosphate, single superphosphate and diammonium phosphate. Factor B included levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1). Each treatment had 3 replications. The variables evaluated were plant height at 30 and 90 days after emergence (DAE), number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, 1000-grain weight and yield. The data obtained were subjected to a normality test and subsequently to analysis of variance using Fisher’s test. When significant effects were detected for phosphorus source, means were compared using Tukey’s test at a 5 % significance level. Regression analysis was performed to calculate the optimum level of phosphorus. The results showed that triple superphosphate produced the highest yield (895.83 kg ha-1), significantly outperforming other sources. In addition, increasing P2O5 doses (60 kg P2O5 ha-1) had a positive effect on plant height and yield components.