LPS–TLR4 signaling attenuates CHOP-mediated apoptosis under endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions during porcine embryonic development

These findings demonstrated that LPS-mediated TLR4 signaling suppressed CHOP-induced apoptosis and autophagy under persistent ER stress, thereby improving embryonic viability. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into the non-canonical role of TLR4 in early embryonic development and highlights its therapeutic potential for improving in vitro embryo culture systems.