Modeling and Optimal Scheduling of a Hydrogen Production-Enriched Compressing-Integrated Urban Energy System

Hydrogen, an emerging low-carbon energy carrier, is pivotal for high-penetration renewable energy and integrated energy systems, yet the coupling of hydrogen with electricity and gas for hydrogen production and enriched compression-integrated systems remains a key issue for energy transition. This study establishes the architecture and analyzes the energy flow of an urban hydrogen production and enriched compressing-integrated energy system, as well as models its hydrogen production-enriched compressing, power, and hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas subsystems based on water electrolysis, hydrogen storage, hydrogen fuel cells (HFCs), and hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) technology, and develops a low-carbon optimal scheduling model with demand response to minimize intraday economic dispatch costs. Scenario comparisons verify the model’s effectiveness, showing that the system boosts wind-solar utilization by 6.81% and cuts carbon emissions by 1.89%.