Irrational economic practices in the context of Marapu culture: ethnographic insights from Sumba, Indonesia

Purpose Although previous studies have investigated irrational economic behavior, less attention has been given to cultural perspectives. This study explores irrational economic behavior within the Marapu cultural framework in West Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, and examines its implications for community well-being. Design/methodology/approach This research employed an ethnographic approach, engaging 12 key informants across three traditional villages in West Sumba’s administrative region. Data collection proceeded in three stages: initial participant observation, semi-structured interviews and analysis following Spradley’s ethnographic model. Findings The belis and kedde traditions in Marapu culture reflect irrational economic behavior, as decisions are driven by honor and social status rather than financial logic. The belis tradition sets the bride price based on a woman’s education and social standing, demonstrating tendencies such as loss aversion and the endowment effect. The kedde tradition requires families to provide expensive livestock, reinforcing herd behavior to maintain social standing. While these traditions strengthen social solidarity and cultural preservation, they also impose significant economic burdens that can affect overall well-being. Research limitations/implications The findings indicate the importance of integrating culturally informed economic literacy into educational curricula and of developing economic policies adaptable to local practices. Originality/value This research applies behavioral economics theory within the Marapu cultural context, focusing on belis and kedde as economic phenomena. The study also discusses the implications for education and community empowerment.