Multiple Paths to Healing: A Narrative Review of Hippocratic, Traditional Chinese, Ayurvedic, and Modern Western Medical Traditions

This paper presents a narrative review comparing four different practices of medicine: Hippocratic Medicine, Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and Modern Western Medicine. Six keyword-based searches were conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed between May 2025 and November 2025, yielding 25 records, of which 17 were included based on relevance and thematic alignment. Sources were analyzed across three domains: core values, the role of the provider, and the role of the patient, to conduct an accurate analysis. The results indicate that Hippocratic Medicine emphasized observation, prevention, and ethical practice, forming the ethical and scientific foundation for Modern Western Medicine. In contrast, TCM and Ayurveda emphasize holistic balance, prevention, and harmony between body, spirit, and everyday lifestyle. Modern Western Medicine prioritizes evidence-based, targeted interventions and technological precision. While all systems aim to treat disease and promote patient well-being, these different practices diverge in their core values and treatment methods. This research suggests potential areas where holistic perspectives may complement biomedical practices of Modern Western Medicine today.