A blockchain-integrated secure and transparent peer-to-peer transactive energy model with node interaction analysis

• Providing P2P transactive energy and blockchain integration for secure transactions. • Proposing a Modified ADMM to accelerate P2P consensus and solution obtaining. • Integrating Raft consensus blockchain to ensure efficient and reliable transactions. • Proposing a wireless network to capture nodes communication in the Raft blockchain. Transactive energy (TE) empowers end-users to exchange energy through Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy transactions to support the escalating demand. These P2P negotiations and Grid’s smartness have raised concerns regarding trust and transparency. Researchers has considered blockchain technology (BT) as a potential solution to provide transparency, integrity, and security in decentralized networks. In this regard, this work’s main contribution is fourfold: 1) Providing a P2P transactive energy (P2PTE) model at the distribution level for presenting peers negotiates over energy/price in a P2P manner. 2) Proposing a modified alternative direction method of multipliers (MADMM) to solve the P2PTE model and enhance the speed of consensus within the P2PTE system. 3) Integrating a Raft consensus-based blockchain with the P2PTE due to its simplicity and efficiency for private blockchains, providing a security layer for negotiated prices and energy values. 4) Enabling a wireless communication network within the Raft blockchain to model the data layer and analyze the time delays in communication among peers, from block generation to ledger extension. The latency, size and number of generated data blocks are analyzed in this paper. The studied model is tested on IEEE 37- and 123-bus distribution networks and results show the effectiveness and applicability of the work.