Effect of Patient Education Program on Exercise Adherence and Clinical Outcomes in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, significantly impairing motor function and quality of life. Exercise and weight management are key components of KOA treatment, with evidence showing that exercise therapy reduces pain, improves function, and enhances well-being. Given the importance of adherence to exercise regimens, this study evaluates the effect of a structured patient education program on exercise adherence and clinical outcomes in individuals with KOA. The research objective was "To evaluate whether patient education determines a greater degree of adherence to treatment in patients with knee osteoarthritis in the short and medium term." A prospective, single-blind randomized controlled trial with non-probabilistic sampling was conducted. Participants were randomized into two groups: (1) supervised exercise therapy plus a patient education program (intervention group) and (2) supervised exercise therapy alone (control group). Outcomes included pain (VAS), functionality (WOMAC), and physical activity (GPAQ), assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 6 months. Both groups showed significant improvements in pain and function over time. The intervention group demonstrated greater short-term pain relief and functional improvement (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between groups at 6 months (p > 0.05). Patient education enhances short-term outcomes in pain and function in individuals with KOA, but its effects diminish over time without ongoing support. Sustained benefits may require continuous engagement strategies.