Disproportionality analysis of oral adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination: Investigating demographic disparities and notoriety bias using a hybrid frequentist–Bayesian approach

The findings highlight demographic disparities in the reporting of oral AEs. However, they should not be interpreted as undermining vaccine safety. Future research should focus on clinically significant oral SDRs, such as oral lichen planus, to distinguish true safety signals from potential reporting biases. Improved awareness and communication are essential for contextualizing these findings within dental practice.