Recent Progress and Morphological Distribution of Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials and Their Applications

Polydopamine (PDA) is a bioinspired polymer known for its strong adhesiveness, biocompatibility, and functional properties, making it highly useful in biomedical applications. This review highlights recent progress in PDA-based biomaterials, with a focus on their morphology, synthesis techniques, and various biomedical uses. It examines how PDA composites, which are formed at the nanoscale and macroscale levels, contribute to drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, and cancer treatment. The ability of PDA to create stable, functional coatings and composites that bond well with different biomaterials enhances its therapeutic potential. This review also discusses challenges such as structural stability, toxicity, and production scale. Additionally, it covers different polymerization mechanisms and their implications for future clinical use. With ongoing advancements, PDA-based materials hold great promise for personalized medicine, including targeted drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and tissue regeneration. Overall, this overview emphasizes the vital role of PDA in the progression of biomedical technology and its potential for future applications.