Socio-technical implementation dynamics in carbon reduction awareness-practice gaps

Purpose Carbon emission reduction strategies are widely acknowledged within Ghana's construction industry. However, despite high awareness levels, implementation remains significantly limited. It is evidenced that the underlying socio-technical interactions perpetuating this awareness-practice gap remain inadequately understood. This study aims to examine the socio-technical barriers and enablers and develop a comprehensive framework that integrates human and technological dimensions for effective implementation of carbon reduction strategies. Design/methodology/approach The study employed a quantitative approach using structured questionnaires administered to 104 construction professionals. Participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Data analysis included Cronbach's alpha reliability testing, one-sample t-tests for significance and exploratory factor analysis to identify underlying dimensions. Socio-technical systems theory (STS) and ecological modernization theory provided the theoretical foundations for the study. Findings Information access emerged as the most significant barrier, followed by data accessibility and communication effectiveness. Factor analysis revealed four barrier dimensions: institutional and system integration, technical-social knowledge transfer, contextual technical adaptation and information and user engagement. Public awareness ranked as the most critical enabler, followed by education programs and technology access. The developed framework incorporates systematic validation mechanisms and adaptive process re-entry protocols for continuous improvement. Originality/value This study contributes to STS through the development of an integrated framework that operationalizes the interdependence between human and technological dimensions in carbon reduction implementation. The framework provides systematic pathways for bridging the awareness-practice gap, offering valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders.