Toxicogenomic Characterization of Perfluorooctanoic Acid–Associated Bladder Carcinogenesis

By integrating toxicological target prediction with large-scale bladder cancer transcriptomic analyses, this study provides a computational bridge between environmental chemical exposure and cancer-related molecular programs. The resulting nine-gene classifier demonstrates strong and consistent performance across independent cohorts and captures transcriptional features that intersect with PFOA-associated toxicological pathways, offering a systems-level, hypothesis-generating perspective on transcriptional programs that overlap between predicted PFOA-associated targets and bladder cancer biology.