Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Reducing Agents of Ocimum lamiifolium Leaves for the Application of Anti-Bacterial Activity

This study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an eco-friendly method with <i>Ocimum lamiifolium</i> leaf extract as a natural reducing agent. The research examined how different conditions affected nanoparticle stability and size. Characterization techniques included XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy, particle size analysis, PDI, and zeta potential. A color change from colorless to grey indicated successful reduction of Ag⁺ to Ag°. UV-vis spectra showed a peak at 467 nm, confirming nanoparticle formation. The average size was 65 nm with a PDI of 0.241, indicating uniformity, and the zeta potential was -13.4 mV, suggesting good stability. The functional groups of phytochemicals involved in reduction and stabilization were identified by FTIR analysis. A face-cantered cubic crystalline structure was verified by XRD. Higher AgNPs concentrations resulted in larger zones of inhibition in antibacterial tests against <i>E. coli</i>, ranging from 4 mm to 15.45 mm. Reduction, stabilization, membrane rupture, ROS generation, and bacterial cell death were all steps in the green synthesis process. Overall, the stability and antibacterial activity of AgNPs made with <i>Ocimum lamiifolium</i> extract were outstanding, highlighting the potential of plant-based approaches for biomedical applications.