Distinct modifiable risk factors and preventable burdens of preterm birth: a risk-stratified analysis of pregnancies with and without gestational diabetes mellitus

This study delineates distinct early-pregnancy modifiable risk profiles for PTB in GDM and non-GDM populations, supporting the development of targeted preventive strategies. Subsequent studies are warranted to validate these findings across diverse populations and to assess the effectiveness of tailored first-trimester interventions based on this risk stratification.