Spatiotemporal pattern of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and driving factors in Shandong Province of China, 2018–2024

HFRS in Shandong Province exhibited obvious spatiotemporal patterns and was influenced by multiple factors, including temperature, vegetation, humidity and sunshine. These findings highlight the need for health authorities to integrate environmental and socio-economic considerations into the design of strategy or countermeasures against HFRS, particularly during high-incidence season and in high-risk areas.