Accessing Academia in Exile: Experiences of Displaced Ukrainian Scholars in Sweden and University Responses

Abstract This study investigates the labour market experiences of highly skilled Ukrainian academics who sought refuge in Sweden following Russia’s 2022 invasion. Although the displacement represents Europe’s largest migration crisis since World War II, Ukrainian refugees have generally encountered strong public support. Among refugees are academic scholars whose expertise presents both opportunities and challenges for labour market integration. Yet little is known about how these academics access support initiatives or navigate the Swedish academic labour market. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 30 displaced Ukrainian academics and representatives from four Swedish universities, the study provides a dual-perspective account of both workers’ experiences and institutional practices. Our findings reveal that displaced academics and institutions face significant barriers, including language difficulties, cultural differences, limited networks, and the prevalence of short-term funding structures and political initiatives. The study highlights differences between different academic fields regarding mobility and adaptation. Still, research participants demonstrate resilience and a strong desire to continue contributing to their fields. The study highlights the need for longer-term, centrally organised, and clearly communicated support structures to prevent opportunities from depending on chance or informal contacts. It further shows that prior international collaborations, language proficiency, and sensitivity to gender and family circumstances shape labour market outcomes, underscoring the importance of addressing diverse needs among refugee scholars. Overall, this research advances understanding of the integration of highly educated refugees and offers lessons for future crises. Proactive and sustainable institutional strategies can foster more inclusive academic environments that benefit both displaced researchers and the academic community.