On the identification of evaluation criteria to choose optimal wall and façade systems in Iran residential constructions

Purpose The aims of this study are as follows: Analyzing the various categories of building walls and façades with respect to material composition, functionality and suitability for diverse climatic conditions across Iran. Analyzing the codes and standards requirements governing building wall and façade systems. Developing wall and façade systems evaluation criteria and determining their importance weights. Comprehensive assessment and ranking of wall and façade systems utilizing established evaluation criteria. Developing a software framework aimed at facilitating decision-making processes and identifying the most suitable façade and wall system, allowing users to implement minor modifications according to their individual preferences. Design/methodology/approach The methodology involves a multi-stage process. Firstly, a comprehensive literature review and expert consultation are conducted to identify key performance parameters for wall and façade systems. Next, the study utilizes a weighting method to determine the importance weight of each criteria. The final step involves applying the weighted criteria to a series of widely recognized types of wall and façade systems and materials, showcasing the framework’s effectiveness in evaluating most optimal wall and façade systems and their design combinations. Findings The comprehensive evaluation of wall systems identified the top-performing materials as: AAC wall panel, AAC block, prefabricated wall Sandwich panel, Wallcrete panel and LECA block. Additionally, an analysis of the performance of these systems under different climatic conditions was carried out, leading to the creation of three separate tables that illustrate the rankings for each specific climate. The evaluation of façade systems revealed that the precast concrete façade, stone façade (utilizing indirect fixing), Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) façade, Terracotta Cladding (also employing indirect fixing) and Stucco façade received the highest overall scores. Originality/value This research aimed to determine and formalize the evaluation criteria for the optimal selection of buildings envelope systems for residential constructions in Iran, implementing a novel methodology that has not reported.