A practical guideline for in vivo bioluminescence imaging

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) using luciferase-expressing cancer cells is a widely adopted method for noninvasive, real-time monitoring of tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic responses in vivo. Here, we summarize key considerations for effective implementation of BLI, including luciferin administration and data quantification. We also address common technical challenges and provide practical troubleshooting strategies to support the use of BLI in preclinical tumor models.