Annurca apple polyphenols prevent mercury-induced phosphatidylserine externalization in human erythrocytes via calcium-dependent PLSCR1 regulation

<i>Annurca</i> apple polyphenols protect RBC from Hg-induced membrane damage primarily through modulation of calcium-dependent PLSCR1 activity, thereby preserving membrane asymmetry. Unlike other polyphenols such as hydroxytyrosol, <i>Annurca</i> extracts act independently of ATP restoration, highlighting a distinct mechanism centered on ionic homeostasis. These findings support the potential of <i>Annurca</i> apple as a functional food for mitigating cardiovascular risk associated with heavy metal exposure.