Machine-actionable criteria chart the symptom space of mental disorders

Diagnostic rules are codified in consensus manuals such as DSM-5, yet they remain written in narrative form and cannot be computationally interrogated. Here, a deterministic framework is presented that translates diagnostic criteria into a machine-actionable representation of the full symptom space, which can be charted, navigated, and systematically analyzed. Unlike probabilistic models that infer patterns from large textual corpora, this framework directly interrogates explicit consensus criteria, providing a transparent and reproducible means of assessing conceptual coherence. Its potential is demonstrated by charting schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, which remain conceptually distinct despite substantial symptom overlap, and by evaluating the current National Academies' definition of Long COVID, which is largely subsumed by depressive and anxiety disorders. By making diagnostic consensus computable, the framework provides a reproducible foundation for evaluating delineation properties of existing and candidate diagnostic constructs and for developing interpretable, regulatory-compliant diagnostic support tools.

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Publication Details

Journal
npj Digital Medicine
Published
2026-02-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02451-6
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Mental Health Research Topics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
42.68
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article

Machine-actionable criteria chart the symptom space of mental disorders

Wolfgang Trutschnig, Raoul Kutil, Florian Hutzler, Georg Zimmermann et al.
1 citations
npj Digital Medicine
Mental Health Research Topics
42.68
article

Machine-actionable criteria chart the symptom space of mental disorders

Wolfgang Trutschnig, Raoul Kutil, Florian Hutzler, Georg Zimmermann, Barbara Strasser-Kirchweger, Christian Borgelt
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Diagnostic rules are codified in consensus manuals such as DSM-5, yet they remain written in narrative form and cannot be computationally interrogated. Here, a deterministic framework is presented that translates diagnostic criteria into a machine-actionable representation of the full symptom space, which can be charted, navigated, and systematically analyzed. Unlike probabilistic models that infer patterns from large textual corpora, this framework directly interrogates explicit consensus criteria, providing a transparent and reproducible means of assessing conceptual coherence. Its potential is demonstrated by charting schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, which remain conceptually distinct despite substantial symptom overlap, and by evaluating the current National Academies' definition of Long COVID, which is largely subsumed by depressive and anxiety disorders. By making diagnostic consensus computable, the framework provides a reproducible foundation for evaluating delineation properties of existing and candidate diagnostic constructs and for developing interpretable, regulatory-compliant diagnostic support tools.

npj Digital Medicine
University of Salzburg (AT), Paracelsus Medical University (AT), Fachhochschule Salzburg (AT), Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod (FR), Pädagogische Hochschule Salzburg (AT)
Partnerships for the goals
Openalex Percentile: Top 0%
Mental Health Research Topics
42.68
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