Critical role of empiric antitoxin therapy in suspected <i>Clostridium baratii</i> infection: a case report

ABSTRACT Background Clostridium baratii infections, though rare, can result in life-threatening botulism due to the production of botulinum neurotoxin. The rapid administration of antitoxin is the cornerstone of treatment to mitigate neurological damage and prevent mortality. Given the difficulty in obtaining rapid diagnostic confirmation, empiric administration of antitoxin is often justified. Case Summary This paper describes a case of C. baratii infection with complete recovery after empiric treatment with antitoxin prior to confirmatory testing returning. Additionally, this manuscript explores the pathophysiology of C. baratii , the diagnostic challenges, and the rationale for early empiric antitoxin therapy. Conclusion The nonspecific nature of early symptoms of botulism necessitates a high degree of clinical vigilance and preparedness. This case highlights the need for including botulism in the differential diagnosis for abnormal neuromuscular presentations and how rapid empiric therapy can be lifesaving.