Valorization of Corn Cob into Cellulose-Based Bioplastics: Extraction, Fabrication and Biodegradability Evaluation

The increasing production, consumption, and improper disposal of petroleum-based plastics are causing environmental degradation. A sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to resolve the synthetic plastic-based problem is bioplastic. Agricultural waste, rich in cellulose, can be used as a raw material for bioplastic production and supporting circular economy goals. The purpose of the current study is to isolate cellulose from corn cob using alkali and bleaching treatment, and its utilization in the synthesis of bioplastic. The study also incorporates the sensory evaluation, thickness test, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy characterization. Further, the prepared bioplastic was tested for biodegradability. The yield of extracted cellulose was 53.1±0.7%. Bioplastic was successfully prepared using the solvent casting method, which was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The range of thickness was between 0.37±0.07 mm-0.45±0.06 mm. The degradation period was observed to be 21 days to 35 days. This study promotes the effective valorisation of agricultural residue, corn cob, and proposes an environmentally responsible waste management strategy. The prepared bioplastic may prove beneficial in packaging applications, leading to reduced reliance on fossil fuels and environmental pollution.