Groundwater assessment for human consumption in northeastern Morocco

The Al Hoceima region, located in northeastern Morocco, relies primarily on groundwater reserves for its drinking water supply. Considering the growing concerns related to water stress at the national level, this study aims to assess the current hydrochemical quality of these resources, which are intended for human consumption, representing a strategic challenge to ensure a continuous supply of potable water for consumers. A total of 39 water samples were collected from different boreholes distributed across several localities in the province. Qualitative analyses were performed, including physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, bicarbonates, sulfates, and chlorides, as well as Principal Component Analysis (PCA). These analyses allowed the evaluation of major ion concentrations and the grouping of samples based on their hydrochemical similarities. The results show that 24 out of the 39 studied boreholes exhibit significant increases in conductivity, sulfate, and chloride levels. Correlation analysis revealed strong relationships among conductivity, sulfates, chlorides, and hardness, indicating water of poor quality for human consumption. The results helped to create a map to classify the boreholes based on their quality and location, and to identify factors influencing groundwater quality. Thus, the findings could provide insightful strategies for decision-makers in the city of Al-Hoceima to effectively manage the water supply in the face of resource overexploitation and periods of drought, with respect to suitability for human consumption.