Stereotactic two-needle irreversible electroporation of liver tumors near critical structures: a proof-of-concept study

First systematic clinical evaluation of stereotactic two-needle irreversible electroporation (IRE) for liver tumors. Two-needle configuration with high-dose protocol simplifies IRE compared with standard multielectrode approaches. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates high efficacy and absence of complications in small liver tumors near critical structures. Two-needle IRE may broaden clinical applicability in anatomically challenging locations.